Category: Multicultural


They Poured Fire on Us from the Sky: The True Story of Three Lost Boys from Sudan by Benson Deng, Alephonsion Deng and Benjamin Ajak with Judy A. Bernstein

In the introduction, Judy Bernstein compares the situation that the three ‘lost boys’ of this title have been through as analogous to that of the novel Lord of the Flies. I liked this because you are reading this book for your English II Honors class and Lord of the Flies is required reading during the sophomore year. Once you have read both of these books, I think you’ll have great class discussions on the ideas of whether individuals need to be governed—whether they behave differently if they know that there is no policeman (or policewoman) on the corner, keeping them in line.

The three young men who tell their stories here are brothers and a cousin from ‘Dinka Land’ in the Sudan. They walked a 1,000 mile journey to the safety of a refugee camp in Kenya. (The map in the book is very helpful.)  One of the first things that the lost boys did when they came to the United States (to San Diego, CA) was buy journals and write their stories. They begin with ordinary life in their villages—coming-of-age rituals of being circumcised, daily meals, caring for animals, the relationships between husbands and wives. As rumors of war spread, the boys are instructed on how to hide when the government soldiers come through the village. Eventually, the villages are raided and the boys lose track of their parents and other family members. They are on their own, trying to make it to safety.

Their trips—both together and separately, in the company of soldiers or with groups of similar lost boys—are circuitous. As the reader, I wondered about the long-term effects of their having witnessed so much death—murder, kids stepping on land mines, bombs going off in other kids’ hands. I wonder how they survived starvation and death from lack of water on numerous occasions. I also thought that, at your age, you may not have heard of some of the more awful things the book addresses, such as female circumcision.

If you are very moved by this book, you may enjoy reading A Long Way Gone, which I’ve reviewed on this blog. The boy in that book did not escape the rebel soldiers (as the three in this book managed to do), so his story is a bit different. He is forced to become a soldier as a mere child and to brutally murder villagers. The veteran soldiers keep him and other boys drugged all the time, so that they don’t have a real awareness of what they are doing.

Both books give us an idea of what war is really like when it is happening in your own backyard.

“Lies My Teacher Told Me”

Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong by James W. Loewen

This book was originally published in 1994 and was revised in 2007. I’d been thinking about reading it for a long time, but finally put it on the top of my list when I realized I should be reading more non-fiction because I had little to recommend to you.

And I do recommend this one! It challenged just about everything I learned in my history course (dinosaur days, yeah), and shows that not much has changed in the courses you are taking now—unless your own U. S. History teacher is challenging the textbook by sharing information with alternate points-of-view.

I’ve tried to have a clearer picture of American history by reading selections from Columbus’s journal (now, that was eye-opening—his own words prove him to be a vicious brute) and paying attention to alternate versions of wars and presidential policies. But Loewen tackles treatment of Native American (from Columbus forward) in detail; he dishes the dirt about American policies from the time of the Pilgrims forward. Did you know:

  • Christopher Columbus did not discover that the world is round (lots of people already knew this)? He, with the Spanish explorers he brought to the New World, hunted and murdered Indians for sport and dog food? That he had the hands of Indians cut off as punishment for disobeying the Spaniards?
  • Plagues had killed off so much of the Native American population before the Pilgrims arrived that those Pilgrims arrived to lands that were already cleared and ready to be populated (i.e., a lot of the hard work of ‘settling’ was already done)? That Squanto, famous for helping the Pilgrims, was not just an Indian traveler who happened to speak English, but had been enslaved twice by Europeans? That when he finally got home again, his tribe had been wiped out by a plague—probably a good reason for him to align himself with the Europeans?
  • That John Brown was not mentally ill and/or deranged?
  • That Abraham Lincoln, who was idolized when I was younger, and then demonized as a racist later (at least in some books I’ve read), was actually deeply thoughtful about race and country—and probably deserves much of the respect he receives (although for reasons more complex than textbooks allow)?
  • President Woodrow Wilson (whom I’ve always thought of as a decent man because of his championing of the League of Nations) was an open racist who removed African Americans from all levels of government?
  • Helen Keller was a ‘left-wing socialist’ who wrote extensively championing the common person?
  • That several U. S. history textbooks say the same thing, almost word-for-word, as if they’ve all been written by one person with one point-of-view? (Unless they are plagiarizing from one another and no one has noticed!)

Lies My Teacher Told Me discusses lots of the stuff history book publishers are afraid to let you know about our history because they are afraid you won’t be able to take it—you’ll be unoptimistic about your future. (Hum. . .) The thing is—as bad as some these facts are—they are incredibly interesting. Loewen argues that if the facts were in your history books, you’d like the subject a lot more—and people of all ethnic backgrounds as well as both genders would have role model from the past.

There are people who won’t like Lies My Teacher Told Me. I read a review on it that stated, “To account for the deplorable situation, [Loewen] offers this quasi-Marxist explanation: ‘Perhaps we are all dupes, manipulated by elite white male capitalists who orchestrate how history is written as part of their scheme to perpetuate their own power and privilege at the expense of the rest of us.’” (Gilbert Taylor) These words are taken out of context as Loewen is asking a rhetorical question, and then answers that, no, it’s really unlikely that this is the case. Ironically, this is just the kind of ‘tweaking’ that Loewen is decrying.

Read it. You may be disgusted by the facts, but you’ll be fascinated as well.

“A Golden Age” Student Review 2009

The following is a student review of “A Golden Age” by Tahmima Anam.

Genre: Bangladesh revolution

Pages: 288

Reviewer: Tasnuva H.
It starts off with a single mother who has a 17 year old daughter Maya, and a nineteen year old son Sohail. She visits her late husband’s grave and talks to him spiritually about her domestic everyday life. When her kids decide they want to be involved in the war in any way, it tears her apart on the inside. Her daughter Maya becomes involved in war protests and insists on being a strong representative of the rebellion. Her son Sohail becomes an undercover guerilla with his friends and leaves his mother alone. Just as Rehana was trying to move on from her husband, her son brings back an injured major whom Rehana feels attracted to. She cares for him and attends to his medical needs. Rehana decides to support her kids’ choices and becomes interested in aiding in any way. The Bangladeshi’s win the war and Rehana and her kids show great enthusiasm.
Personally I thought this book was captivating. It probably appeals to me more than the general audience because it is about the country I am from. My grandparents, parents, uncles and aunts tells me of their experiences when the war was going on. Of course they were very young so they do not remember much. This book was really interesting reading from a mother’s perspective. It shows the struggles and hardships of that time and how it affected citizens.

1. The author’s purpose of this novel is to show the hardships during the Bangladesh Independence War.

2. Tahmima depicts the struggles of a single mother with grown kids who decide to take part in the war.. The main character Rehana Haque is a mother who is torn between her children being involved in the war because they are all she has. Her kids feel it is their duty to serve their country.  This book portrays the struggles of a single mother and how much devotion and love she has towards her kids. Even though she feels strongly against her kids being part of the rebellion, she doesn’t let that show externally. She does at first but she gives up when her kids are insistent. She decides to show them support

3.  The author develops the thesis by starting off with how due to her poverty, Rehana loses her kids to her brother-in-law and his wife. When she is reunited with them, she promises herself and her late husband that she will do all she can to support them and never abandon them again. She throws a party for them every year since they all reunited.

4. This book is about a mother’s decision against her kids being allured into being involved in a war. Her dedication to her son’s ambitions is strongly visible throughout the novel. The overall conflict is the war itself. It was tearing their family apart in different ways. This novel shows how Rehana handles situations where she might have to be the bad guy. She tries to keep her kids from being hurt by being part of war riots and protests. It kills her inside when her son decides to be an undercover

The following reviews by COHS students are on “Things Fall Apart” by  Chinua Achebe
Genre: Classic African Novel
Pages: 181
Reviewer: Raven W.

This novel is about a man named Okonkwo, who strived to be better than his poor, undependable  father, Unoka. From early in his life he knew that he was going to be a great man; he was the best fighter in his village and had the respect of all of the people. Later he married three wives and had children with each of them, but Okonkwo was never satisfied because he felt that his son, Nwoye acted too much like a woman; the only child he accepted was his daughter Ezinma, but she also saddened him because she was not a boy. Okonkwo was banished from his village for seven years because he committed a murder. After the seven year period was over and he returned home he noticed that his village was completely different, he was no longer seen as the great man that everyone respected but as just another person. The changes that took place within his village are what eventually led him to suicide.

I thought that this was a very well written Novel. I was able to understand what the author was trying to explain, and it kept my interest. I enjoyed the fact that this novel realistically explains the way some people can react when placed in an uncomfortable position.

1. The author wrote this book to explain to the reader about Ibo life, their beliefs and traditions through the life of an Ibo man named Okonkwo.
2. State the theme and the thesis of the book. The novel has a religious theme. The thesis of this novel is ones difficulty to adjust to another person’s way of thinking/living.
3. The author supports his Thesis through the character Okonkwo, who spent his whole life trying to gain the respect of everyone. Okonkwo was so focused on being great that he neglected his family because he thought that that would make him seem “womanish”. Later in the novel Christians come to try and convert the Ibo people, but Okonkwo refused to participate in that worship and he thought that those who did were beneath him. He was never able to adjust to the new way of life (Christianity), and therefore he felt that he had to kill himself to escape the frustration.
4. The main issue in this book is ones ability to adjust to someone else’s way of thinking and being able to have enough courage to be yourself and not worry about what others think of you. This was the main struggles for Okonkwo, this issue was not solved until the end of the novel when he committed suicide.

Reviewer: Bianca N.

Okonkwo is known amongst all villages as the “Roaring fire” a nickname fit for him based on his undeniable strength at war. He was a wealthy man he had achieved great things in his village thus, he was respected by the young and the old. He had three wives, all of which bore children. Okonkwo never showed his weakness to his family, for fear that he would become like his father lazy and worthless. One day during a ceremony, Okonkwo was wielding a gun when, it accidentally fired and shot one of his kinsmen. This was taboo in his clan, thus Okonkwo and his family were banished for seven years. They retreated to his mother’s land where he was greeted by his relatives who helped him in this time. Soon, White men began to appear in villages one by one until they reached the village that Okonkwo had resided in. They began to build churches and they held days to attend church during the week. The villagers laughed at their customs and their belief in only one god that they believed ruled and was the almighty.

I Absolutely LOVED this book, it helped me to better understand my culture, it taught me Igbo (Ibo) words that I didn’t already know, and proverbs that without their existence in the book I probably wouldn’t have understood the book as much. I felt that I could connect with it, it was like I was listening to my grandfather tell stories about his youth in Africa. I went back and forth from my room to my father to help interpret the African words for me. It was interesting; I learned a lot of new things.   :-)

1. The author’s purpose in writing this book is to explain how a tribe so attached to their tradition could so abruptly fall apart when white people bring Christianity to Africa.

2. The theme of this book is the corruption of a new faith or the struggle between two customs.

3. The author develops the thesis by starting the story with how the people were at peace and how they treated and performed their customs, then he starts to bring out the talk of strangers appearing in a village and how they came like bees, one would come so as to observe and report back to the rest, and then the pack would arrive later. With this he now introduced the white men as ominous beings upon their land.

4.  The main issue that the book raises is the importance of is obeying one god or chi. The stance that it takes to address this issue is illustrated in the book many times as people threw away their babies as an order from their earth god in order for the land to be prosperous. They listened to whatever their god told them without any questions.

Reviewer: Adrianna V.

Genre: Postcolonial critique; tragedy

Although his father was a lazy man, Okonkwo, the protagonist, becomes a great and powerful man in his home of Umuofia, a group of nine villages in southeastern Nigeria. As he grows up, Okonkwo builds his social status in the village through hard work and showing no weaknesses.  He is selected by the elders to be the guardian of Ikemefuna, a boy taken prisoner as a peace settlement between two villages. For three years, Ikemenfuna lives with Okonkwo’s family and they grow fond of him. Then the elders decide that Ikemenfuna must be killed. The oldest man in the village warns Okonkwo not to participate, but he does so anyway. Shortly after Ikemenfuna’s death, many things go terribly wrong for Okonkwo. During a funeral ceremony, he accidentally kills someone. This results in him and his family being exiled for seven years. When Okonkwo returns, he finds his village has been changed by the presence of white men. He and other tribal leaders try to reclaim their land, but are taken prisoners. When the local leader of the white government comes to arrest Okonkwo for killing a white messenger he finds that he has hanged himself, ruining his great reputation.

I thought “Things Fall Apart,” was a very well written novel. When I was first reading this novel I thought it was not going to be that interesting. As I read further and learned more about Okonkwo and his village life the story become more informative and enthralling. This novel taught me about Ibo cultural traditions and how willing the villagers were accepting of the European judgment that they had no history or culture worth considering. I thought Chinua Achebe’s writing style was eloquent and educational.

1. The author’s purpose in writing the novel was to inform the world about Ibo cultural traditions and remind  his own people of their past and assert that it did contain much value.

2. The theme of the novel is the struggle between change and tradition. The thesis of the novel is the importance of customs and traditions.

3. The author supports the thesis throughout the novel. “The Oracle of the Hills and the Caves has pronounced it. They will take him outside Umuofia as is the custom, and kill him there” (Achebe 57). In this time and village it was the custom to kill a fellow villager without feeling any remorse as long as the Oracle told them to do it. “Yam stood for manliness, and he who could feed his family on yams from one harvest to another was a very great man indeed” (Achebe 33).  It was very important for men to be able to be the soul providers for their families.

4. The main issue the novel raises is the arrival of white missionaries in Nigeria and its impact on traditional Igbo society in the late 1800s. The stance it takes to address the issue is how the tribal leaders and fellow villagers were willing to murder the white men just so they could be able to worship their own gods. The issue was solved when the white men had the tribal leaders and villagers either arrested and put in prison or converted to their religion.

The following are reviews by COHS students for “Like Water for Chocolate” by Laura Esquivel.

Genre: Magical Realism

Pages: 246

Reviewer: Alejandra Q.

Like water for Chocolate is a story about a girl, Tita De La Garza, who wants to marry her love, Pedro. But her mom, Mama Elena, does not approve of it. Since Tita is the youngest of the family, she must care for her mom until the day she dies. Mama Elena does, however, let Tita’s sister, Rosaura, marry Pedro. Pedro accepts just to be able to stay close to Tita. This hurts Tita very much. All her emotions pour out into her food while she’s cooking, and everyone who eats it feels what she’s feeling. Mama Elena, however does not like Pedro being there in the house to distract Tita, so she sends Pedro and Rosaura off to San Antonio. From there, a bunch of wacky stuff starts happening between the whole family.

I really enjoyed the book. I started reading it, and did not stop until I finished. I love how it connects to the Mexican Culture, it gives me a chance to compare to certain things. The story is told really good and is really easy to follow along to the story line. This book I would definitely recommend to someone else.

1. The author’s purpose of telling the story was to tell us the story of a girl, who has to go through her life seeing the man she loves married to her sister.

2. The theme of the book is how traditions in family are not always a good thing. Tita did everything she could to change the family tradition.

3. This is shown by everything that Tita does. When she hears that her sisters daughter is destined to take care of her mother until she dies, Tita is automatically heartbroken because she knows what its like to be in that position.

4. The main issue the book raises is that Tita’s mom wont let her get married because she’s the youngest of the family. Tita’s mom lets Tita’s sister, Rosaura, marry the guy.

The Ginger Tree by Oswald Wynd (294 pp.)

When Mary Mackenzie is sailing from Great Britain to China in order to marry her fiancé, she finds herself feeling restless. Her chaperone is too rigid, and Mary must even hide the fact that she is not wearing her corset under her clothing despite the fact that the humidity and heat are greater then anything she ever has ever before experienced.

Mary arrives in Peking; weds in the Church of England (although she refuses to drop her Presbyterian roots) and upsets the people who know her husband; finds her husband is a tight wad and cannot understand why he married her. She is seated near Kentaro at a few formal dinners and tries to draw him out. On a vacation with her friends, Mary bumps into Kentaro praying at an abandoned temple. They have brief affair which leaves Mary pregnant.  Richard, her husband, is gone on a secret mission as military attaché.

When Richard returns home to find Mary pregnant, he throws her out of the house, not allowing her to ever see her daughter again. The rights of women (or lack of them) are a central theme in this book. We see how Mary is treated by the British, the Chinese, and the Japanese. Mary falls under the protection of Kentaro, who believes it is his duty to support her. She becomes his “second wife,” but this arrangement still leaves her at the will of a man. He comes and goes according to his schedule. When the baby is born and has Japanese features, it seems Kentaro is content and visits and loves the baby.

However, one day, the baby simply “disappears.”  This is the work of Kentaro. He believes the baby will be better off raised in an adoptive family. A family would be easy to find since the child has royal blood. Mary would never have agreed to this scheme and has been left out. When one of the maids, a woman who took part in the scheme, comes back to Mary’s house while she is away in order to collect some belongings, Mary wrestles her to the floor and demands information. The newspapers later say that Mary tried to murder the maid.

Mary decides that she cannot live under the protection of Kentaro since he has taken her son. However, she cannot leave Japan because she hopes to learn something of her son and his fate. The rest of the book is about her search for independence as a foreigner women in a man’s Japan, her opportunities to get back in touch with her daughter and her son, and the difficulties of maintaining relationships as World War II arrives.

This is a good read for budding feminists and for students who want to read (loosely) historical fiction or who wish to start with fiction and then do research on the historical period/setting of the book.

“Fallen Angles” by Walter Dean Myers

309 pp.

Richie Perry is an African-American boy who goes to Vietnam. His experiences there change his perception of the world. On his first day out, another new recruit is blown apart when he steps on a mine. A favorite understanding officer, Lieutenant Carroll, is killed a few months later. Soon after, a favorite companion, Brew, has his leg ripped open and dies during the evacuations as Perry holds his hand. Perry also finds that he often does not understand who is the enemy and is frightened of some of the villagers as they may be part of the Viet Cong. On one trip to a local village to search for VC, a woman hands a baby to a GI. The baby explodes, killing the GI. Other soldiers then kill the women and the other child who was with her.

Periodically, Perry is bored. There often seems to be racial tension in his platoon although it is never explored.

Among his other gruesome experiences, Perry is wounded twice. The book has a lot of suspense and excitement. The view of a young soldier seems to be realistic. Someone interested in what the Vietnam War was like or even what it feels like to be a soldier would “enjoy” reading Fallen Angles. This would work for projects requiring you to began with loosely historical fiction, but you can’t have a weak tummy. War is gorey.

The Rock and the River
by Kekla Magoon

1968: Racial tensions are escalating in cities across America, including fourteen-year-old Sam’s hometown of Chicago. The struggle for racial equality has even divided Sam’s own family—his father is a civil rights activist, but Sam’s older brother, Stephen, a.k.a. Stick, has joined the Black Panthers. Sam respects his father, but as he sees an increasing number of violent acts perpetrated by whites against blacks, he begins to think that Stick has the right idea. Author’s note.

JLG Review: The Rock and the River provides a fresh take on the civil rights movement. Rather than writing only about the division between blacks and whites, debut author Kekla Magoon concentrates on a less-explored aspect of the time period, the split between blacks who practiced nonviolent resistance and those who attempted violent revolution.

NOTE: COHS Titans–The above review is excerpted from the Junior Library Guild. (Meaning that I didn’t write it and don’t want to take credit from something I didn’t do!) We belong to the Junior Library Guild and purchase four books from them each month, so we have access to these reviews. I’m going to start posting excerpts from the reviews in the hope that you will see what great books we get from JLG–and come check them out! If you want to read the whole review, ask your English teacher. I have made copies for him or her to post in the classroom.

This Full House
by Virginia Euwer Wolff

LaVaughn, a high school senior, is finally seeing her hard work pay off . She’s just been accepted to WIMS (Women in Medical Science), a prestigious after-school program for girls from impoverished areas of the city. At first, Dr. Moore, the program’s founder, takes a special interest in LaVaughn and agrees to write her a college recommendation letter. But when LaVaughn uncovers a dark secret from Dr. Moore’s past, their relationship quickly turns sour—and LaVaughn sees her chance at a college education “falling through the air.”

JLG Review: Told in verse, this final novel in Virginia Euwer Wolff ’s acclaimed Make Lemonade trilogy is a tender rumination on the themes of motherhood, responsibility, and endurance.

From the beginning, readers have known LaVaughn to be a studious go-getter, a young girl determined to rise above her circumstances and attend college. In This Full House, LaVaughn’s goal is finally in sight, but several women in her life—each dealing with the consequences of an unplanned pregnancy—test her focus and temporarily send her moral compass spinning.

This Full House never offers easy answers.  Throughout the trilogy, LaVaughn’s tenacity has made her unique, but it’s her capacity to face ambivalence, self-doubt, and change that makes her a true heroine—a character worth growing with and toward.

NOTE: COHS Titans–The above review is excerpted from the Junior Library Guild. (Meaning that I didn’t write it and don’t want to take credit from something I didn’t do!) We belong to the Junior Library Guild and purchase four books from them each month, so we have access to these reviews. I’m going to start posting excerpts from the reviews in the hope that you will see what great books we get from JLG–and come check them out! If you want to read the whole review, ask your English teacher. I have made copies for him or her to post in the classroom.

Ms. W

“Same Kind of Different as Me” by Ron Hall and Denver Moore with Lynn Vincent

Ms. G here at COHS recommended this book to me because it was so moving that she couldn’t put it down. It’s quite a tale—and I think you, too, will be moved to tears.

Author Ron Hall is married to a woman who cares so deeply for others that her story is pure inspiration to the reader. Debra Hall’s willingness to not only feed and clothe but befriend the homeless shows us what true faith can do—it knocks the patronizing ego right off the shelf and helps us see the real person we are connecting with. Debra’s faith is the force that lets her recognize Denver Moore as a man for whom God has big plans.

Denver was a homeless African-American who came to the Union Gospel Mission for meals, but who kept himself apart from others and trusted no one–with good reason. Denver grew up in the American South not only under Jim Crow laws, but as a sharecropper—which translates as a sort of modern slavery. He lived in a place that time left behind, where he works land he doesn’t own and owes money to ‘the man’ for bare essentials. He never went to school; being illiterate, there seems to be no escape for him from desperate poverty. (There’s a story of racism in the book that will chill your bones, but I don’t want to give away the whole book!)

Denver and other homeless people start referring to the Halls as “Mr. and Mrs. Tuesday” because they work at the homeless mission every Tuesday, unlike most folks who are just holiday volunteers. Soon Deborah is spending many days each week helping, organizing outing, and more. Denver’s faith is revived through Deborah’s actions.

When tragedy strikes the Halls, the tables turn and Denver’s friendship helps them keep their faith. As Denver says, using fishing as his metaphor, true friendship isn’t a catch-and-release program. It’s for keeps.

When your teacher asks you to read a biography or memoir, pick this one up and see how ordinary people overcome extraordinary obstacles.

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